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Cumorah (;〔("Book of Mormon Pronunciation Guide" ), lds.org (retrieved 2012-02-25); IPA-ified from «ka-mōr´a»,〕 also known as Mormon Hill,〔A. P. Kesler, ("Mormon Hill" ), ''Young Woman's Journal'', 9:73 (February 1898).〕〔"Thomas Cook History, 1930", in Dan Vogel ed. (2000). ''Early Mormon Documents'', vol. 3 (Salt Lake City: Signature Books ISBN 1-56085-133-3) pp. 243–50.〕〔Andrew Jenson, ''Conference Report'' (April 1917) p. 99.〕 Gold Bible Hill,〔("A Looked-for Exposure: Secrets of the Original Mormon Bible" ), ''New York Times'', 1888-02-26.〕〔Bruce E. Dana (2003). ''Glad Tidings Near Cumorah'' (CFI, ISBN 978-1-55517-723-2) pp. 58–60.〕 and Inspiration Point)〔 is a drumlin in Manchester, New York, United States, where Joseph Smith said he found a set of golden plates which he translated into English and published as the Book of Mormon. In the text of the Book of Mormon, "Cumorah" is a hill located in a land of the same name, which is "a land of many waters, rivers and fountains".〔(Mormon 6:4 ).〕 In this hill, a Book of Mormon figure, Mormon, deposited a number of metal plates containing the record of his nation of Nephites,〔(Mormon 6:6 ). The plates that Mormon buried were the plates he had abridged into what he called the "Book of Mormon". This smaller set of plates were not buried by Mormon but were given to Mormon's son Moroni.〕 just prior to their final battle with the Lamanites in which at least 230,000 people were killed.〔(Mormon 6:11–15 ).〕 Early Latter Day Saints assumed that the Cumorah in New York was the same Cumorah described in the Book of Mormon, but in the early-20th century, scholars from the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church) and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) began to speculate that there were two such hills and that final battle in the Book of Mormon took place on a hill in southern Mexico, Central America, or South America.〔 Roper, Matthew, “Limited Geography and the Book of Mormon: Historical Antecedents and Early Interpretations”, Maxwell Institute, 2004, cites early Limited Mesoamerican settings for the Book of Mormon advanced by Hills, L. E. (RLDS), “Geography of Mexico and Central America from 2234 B.C. to 421 A.D.”, Independence, Missouri, 1917; Hills, “A Short Work on the Popol Vuh and the Traditional History of the Ancient Americans”, Independence, Missouri, 1918; and Hills, “New Light on American Archaeology”, Independence, Missouri, 1924; and also Gunsolley, J. F. (RLDS), “More Comment on Book of Mormon Geography”, ''Saints Herald'', vol. 69, no. 46, 1922, pp. 1074–76. See also the South American setting proposed by Priddis, Venice (LDS), The Book and the Map, 1975, ch. 11, “Mormon, Moroni and Cumorah”, pp. 153–57.〕 The LDS Church has no official position on the matter〔(), Correspondence from F. Michael Watson, 23 April 1993, cited with commentary in William J. Hamblin, ("Basic Methodological Problems with the Anti-Mormon Approach to the Geography and Archaeology of the Book of Mormon," ) ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 2(1) (1993): 161–97, accessed 13 September 2009. See also (Book of Mormon geography/Statements/First Presidency "First Presidency Letter" on the FAIR LDS Wiki ).〕 and while these hypotheses are not held by some leaders and members of the LDS Church,〔On the subject of a Mesoamerican Cumorah, apostle Joseph Fielding Smith wrote in 1956: It is known that the Hill Cumorah where the Nephites were destroyed is the hill where the Jaredites were also destroyed. This hill was known to the Jaredites as Ramah. It was approximately near to the waters of Ripliancum, which the Book of Ether says, 'by interpretation, is large or to exceed all.' ... It must be conceded that this description fits perfectly the land of Cumorah in New York ... for the hill is in the proximity of the Great Lakes, and also in the land of many rivers and fountains. (''Doctrines of Salvation'', vol. 3, pp. 233–34). Apostle Mark E. Petersen stated: I do not believe that there were two Hill Cumorahs, one in Central America and the other one up in New York, for the convenience of the Prophet Joseph Smith, so that the poor boy would not have to walk clear to Central America to get the gold plates. (123rd Annual Conference of the LDS Church, April 4–6, 1953, ''Conference Report'', pp. 83–84; ''Improvement Era'', June 1953, p. 423). Bruce R. McConkie wrote: Both the Nephite and the Jaredite civilizations fought their final great wars of extinction at and near the Hill Cumorah (or Ramah as the Jaredites termed it), which hill is located between Palmyra and Manchester in the western part of the state of New York ... Joseph Smith, Oliver Cowdery, and many early brethren, who were familiar with the circumstances attending the coming forth of the Book of Mormon in this dispensation, have left us pointed testimony as to the identity and location of Cumorah or Ramah. (''Mormon Doctrine'', s.v. “Cumorah”, p. 175).〕 they are firmly espoused by others.〔William J. Hamblin, ("Basic Methodological Problems with the Anti-Mormon Approach to the Geography and Archaeology of the Book of Mormon," ) ''Journal of Book of Mormon Studies'' 2(1) (1993): 161–97.〕 ==New York== The hill named Cumorah in Manchester, New York (coordinates: ) is where Smith said he discovered the golden plates which contained the writings of the Book of Mormon. Smith wrote: "On the west side of this hill, not far from the top, under a stone of considerable size, lay the plates, deposited in a stone box."〔See ("Testimony of the Prophet Joseph Smith" ), found inside the LDS Church editions of the Book of Mormon printed after since 1981.〕 Smith visited the hill each year on September 22 between 1823 and 1827 and was instructed by a "holy messenger", who Smith identified as Moroni.〔 Smith was finally allowed to take the record on September 22, 1827.〔 Eleven other men gave written testimony that they had also seen them and held them in their hands.〔(Introduction ), Book of Mormon, 1981 LDS Church edition〕 The hill, which was unnamed prior to 1829, is situated a few miles from Smith's boyhood home on a farm that was then owned by a local farmer, Alonzo Sanders. This farm was south of Palmyra, on the main road toward Canandaigua from Palmyra to Manchester, and is not far from Carangrie Creek and the Clyde River. According to geologists, the hill was formed during the retreat of the Ice Age glaciers, and it rises approximately above the surrounding valley floor. Since 1829, the Latter Day Saints have called the hill "Cumorah",〔Smith's mother, Lucy Mack Smith, recalls her young son Joseph referring to the place where the Book of Mormon plates were deposited as "the hill of Cumorah": Lucy Mack Smith, ''History of Joseph Smith by His Mother Lucy Mack Smith'', p. 100. Book of Mormon witness David Whitmer referred to the hill by name in an account of an incident in which he, Smith, and Oliver Cowdery were riding in a wagon to the Whitmer home in Fayette, New York. According to Whitmer, an aged and heavy set man walked alongside the wagon. The man had a knapsack strapped over his back with something square in it. When David invited the man to ride he replied: "I am going across to the hill Cumorah." Smith reportedly later told Whitmer that they had seen one of the Nephite prophets: Lyndon W. Cook ed. (1991). ''David Whitmer Interviews'' (Grandin Book) pp. 19, 27.〕 and local non-Mormons have called it "Mormon Hill"〔〔〔 or "Gold Bible Hill".〔 The hill has also been called "Inspiration Point".〔 The hill and surrounding land was purchased in the 1920s by the LDS Church under the direction of church president Heber J. Grant. The transaction involved two separate purchases: the purchase of the "Inglis farm"; and the purchase of the "Sexton farm". The Inglis farm consisted of on both sides of the Canandaigua–Palmyra road and encompassed one third of the western edge of the hill.The Sexton farm was purchased from the heirs of Pliny T. Sexton, who owned the "Mormon Hill farm" encompassing the remainder of the hill.〔 The LDS Church has constructed a monument that is topped with a statue of the Angel Moroni on the top of the hill, and there is a visitor's interpretative center at the base of the hill. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cumorah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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